Confounding factors in biomonitoring using fish

The comet assay as a rapid test in biomonitoring occupational exposure to DNA-damaging agents and effect of confounding factors.

Within the last decade, the comet assay has been used with increasing popularity to investigate the level of DNA damage in terms of strand breaks and alkaline labile sites in biomonitoring studies. The assay is easily performed on WBCs and has been included in a wide range of biomonitoring studies of occupational exposures encompassing styrene, vinyl chloride, 1,3-butadiene, pesticides, hair dy...

Morten Overgaard Confounding Factors in Contrastive Analysis

Several authors within psychology, neuroscience and philosophy take for granted that standard empirical research techniques are applicable when studying consciousness. In this article, it is discussed whether one of the key methods in cognitive neuroscience – the contrastive analysis – suffers from any serious confounding when applied to the field of consciousness studies; that is to say, if th...

Confounding Factors for Hamilton’s Rule

WWC STANDARDS Brief: Confounding Factors

WWC STANDARDS Brief The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) is an initiative of the U.S. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences. The WWC evaluates research studies that look at the effectiveness of education programs, policies, and practices, which the WWC calls “interventions.” WWC Standards Briefs explain the rules the WWC uses to assess the quality of studies. For more informat...

Correcting for challenging confounding factors

U ni ve rs ity o f C al ifo rn ia , S an D ie go , C A . Hepatic steatosis, the intracellular accumulation of triglycerides (triglyceride fat) in hepatocytes, is a common and often asymptomatic condition. An estimated 20 to 80 million Americans have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFld), which is the most common chronic liver disease in the united States.1 Steatosis is now recognized to play...